Protesting is not vigilantism unless you define protesting as a form of law enforcement ( it's not ) Also, yes, you can justify a protest against an individual. Individuals are protested all the time.
Where I think you're wrong Gravekeeper is this - I think the true point of protest is in the expression of emotion from the less powerful towards the more powerful. There's no world in which an individual has more power than protestors unless they are a proxy for a government, the head of a major company, or in some way actually wield some form of significant power. So you can protest the judge to the point that he loses the election because he's a public figure. But if what you're doing skates on intimidation or starts causing personal non-job related injury? There is a line there and it's not actually that hard to find. Brock Turner has 0 power. None. Protesting him specifically serves no purpose other than injury.
So when you say "law enforcement", I would say if said protest is designed to cause financial, social, or emotional injury than yes, that is a protestor is really treading on vigilantism and the fact no one got punched in the face doesn't change that. Only the government has any agreed upon right to inflict injury, and even then only under specific parameters (a judge or jury ruling/time of war/peace officers under specific scenarios/etc.). If the definition of vigilante is " a member of a volunteer committee organized to suppress and punish crime summarily", no protestor can really claim any injuries they inflict are anything but that. No court or collective body has empowered the protestor to injure another person. They are doing it for their own reasons. If I organized the "Debbie is a horrible human being" protest with me and 30 other people and we picketed outside Debbie's house for 30 days because she's just rather shabby towards other people, ultimately there isn't a jury in the world that isn't going to come after me. The public wouldn't feel I have sufficient cause. However, give the public a situation like this where punishment has been given (they just didn't like the amount) and all bets are off.
My opinion is, this generation (often) has conflated coordinated non-physical injury and schadenfreude with protest because they can be superficially similar. But one is a coordinated attempt to inflict tort on a much smaller group (intimidation, job loss, social ostracism) and the other is really a genuine expression of disapproval when the power structure does not allow success through other channels. You don't like something on TV? You protest and boycott because there is not mechanism for redress. You don't like a specific action Rupert Murdoch has taken because it injured you, you sue. There IS a mechanism for that. You'll lose, but the mechanism exists. You don't like the Brock Turner verdict, you protest the judge that assigned the legal mechanism of redress. You protest Brock Turner and cause injury (again, social, financial, or physical) the group which holds disproportionate power over Brock Turner is attempting extralegal punishment. It is committing a tort, granted one that would be really hard for Turner to successfully prosecute which is why people do it.
However, this stuff confuses people because sort of like legislating time-served pedophiles out of any ability to work or live after punishment, people have a tendency to cloak what they wanted to do anyway in something that superficially looks legal as long as its not looked at too closely under academic rigor. Laws against pedophiles are legal. But flat out statistics and outcomes will tell you they are actively violating constitutional rights since there shouldn't be "legal laws" that result in exile and homelessness of people who have already served their sentence.

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